开发需求记录:实现app任意界面弹框与app置于后台时通知
前言
在产品经理提需求时候提到,app在接收到报警信息时候能不能弹出一个弹框,告诉用户报警信息,这个弹框要在app的任意界面能够弹出,并且用户点击详情时候,会跳转到报警详情界面,查看具体信息,当用户将app至于后台的时候,接收到报警信息,app发送通知,当用户点击通知时候,跳转到报警详情界面。
功能大体总结如上,在实现弹框与通知在跳转界面时遇到一些问题,在此记录一下。效果图如下:
功能分析
弹框实现,使用DialogFragment。
前后台判断则是,创建一个继承自ActivityLifecycleCallbacks接口和Application的类,继承ActivityLifecycleCallbacks接口是为了前后台判断,继承Application则是方便在基类BaseActivity获取前后台相关数据。
项目原本采用单Activity多Fragment实现,后面因为添加了视频相关功能,改为了多Activity多Fragment。
原单Activity时候,实现比较容易。后面修改为多Activity,就有些头疼,最终用思路是创建基类BaseActivity,后面添加Activity时都要继承基类BaseActivity。使用基类原因是把相同的功能抽取出来,且若每个Activity都自己实现弹框和通知的话太容易出错,也太容易漏下代码了。
代码实现
弹框
在实现继承自DialogFragment的弹框时,需要在onCreateDialog方法内设置dialog的宽高模式以及背景,不然弹框会有默认的边距,导致显示效果与预期不符,未去边距与去掉边距的弹框效果如下:
关于onCreateDialog的代码如下:
override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle?): Dialog {
val dialog = Dialog(requireContext())
dialog.setContentView(R.layout.custom_dialog_layout)
dialog.window?.apply {
setLayout(ViewGr0up.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,ViewGr0up.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)
setBackgroundDrawable(ColorDrawable(Color.parseColor("#88000000")))//去掉DialogFragment的边距
}
dialog.setCancelable(false)
return dialog
}
此外当弹框出现的时候,弹框背景色还会闪烁。这里采用属性值动画设置弹框背景色控件的透明度变换。完整的Dialog代码如下:
class AlarmDialogFragment: DialogFragment() {
private lateinit var binding:CustomDialogLayoutBinding
private var animator:ObjectAnimator? = null
override fun show(manager: FragmentManager, tag: String?) {
try {
super.show(manager, tag)
}catch (e:Exception){
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGr0up?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
binding = CustomDialogLayoutBinding.inflate(inflater)
return binding.root
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
binding.viewAlarmDialogBg
startAnimation()
}
override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle?): Dialog {
val dialog = Dialog(requireContext())
dialog.setContentView(R.layout.custom_dialog_layout)
dialog.window?.apply {
setLayout(ViewGr0up.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,ViewGr0up.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)
setBackgroundDrawable(ColorDrawable(Color.parseColor("#88000000")))//去掉DialogFragment的边距
}
dialog.setCancelable(false)
return dialog
}
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
initView()
}
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
if(animator?.isStarted == true){
animator?.end()
}
}
private fun initView() {
binding.btnCloseDialog.setOnClickListener {
dismiss()
}
binding.btnDialogNav.setOnClickListener {
if(context is MainActivity){
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("alarmId","1")
findNavController().navigate(R.id.alarmDetailFragment,bundle)
}else{
val intent = Intent(context,MainActivity::class.java)
intent.putExtra("task","toAlarmDetail")
startActivity(intent)
}
dismiss()
}
}
private fun startAnimation() {
animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(binding.viewAlarmDialogBg, "alpha", 0f, 0.6f, 0f, 0.6f, 0f)
animator?.duration = 1200
animator?.interpolator = AccelerateInterpolator()
animator?.start()
}
}
需要注意地方是,由于弹框还负责跳转,而跳转有两种情况,一种是在ActivityA内,fragmentA与fragmentB间的跳转,这种情况使用findNavController().navigate()方法进行跳转,另一种是ActivityB到另一个ActivityA内的指定FragmentB界面。这种采用startActivity(intent)方式跳转,并且在ActivityA的onStart()的方法使用下面方法。
/** 跳转报警详情界面 */
private fun initToAlarmDetail() {
val task = intent.getStringExtra("task")
if (task == "toAlarmDetail"){
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("alarmId","1")
findNavController(R.id.fragment_main_table).navigate(R.id.alarmDetailFragment,bundle)
}
}
这样从ActivityB到另一个ActivityA时候,在onStart()方法内会触发上面的initToAlarmDetail()方法,获取跳转里面的信息,在决定具体跳转到哪个Fragment。这里解释的可能不太清楚,可以在Github下载源码看看可能更好理解些。
弹框对应的xml文件代码,可以在Github内查看,可以自己写一个,这个xml比较简单,只是xml代码比较占地方这里就不粘贴了。
前后台判断
关于前后台判断,需要创建一个继承ActivityLifecycleCallbacks和Application的类,这里命名为CustomApplication,在类里面实现ActivityLifecycleCallbacks接口相关方法,此外需要创建下面三个变量,分别表示activity数量,当前activity的名称,是否处于后台,代码如下:
private var activityCount = 0
private var nowActivityName:String? = null
private var isInBackground = true
之后需要在onActivityStarted,onActivityResumed,onActivityStopped方法内进行前后台相关处理,代码如下:
override fun onActivityStarted(activity: Activity) {
activityCount++
if (isInBackground){
isInBackground = false
}
nowActivityName = activity.javaClass.name
}
override fun onActivityStopped(activity: Activity) {
activityCount--
if (activityCount == 0 && !isInBackground){
isInBackground = true
}
}
上面代码可以看出,当触发onActivityStarted方法时候,activityCount数量加一,且app处于前台。之后记录当前activity名称,这里记录activity名称是后面有个功能是app置于后台时候弹出通知,而通知相关操作,为了每个activity都能实现就放在基类执行,而弹出通知并不需要每个继承基类的activity都执行,到时候需要根据根据nowActivityName判断哪个继承了基类的activity执行通知操作。
当触发onActivityStopped方法时候,activityCount数量减一,且当activityCount数量为零时,app置于后台。
CustomApplication完整代码如下:
class CustomApplication: Application(),Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
companion object{
const val TAG = "CustomApplication"
@SuppressLint("CustomContext")
lateinit var context: Context
}
private var activityCount = 0
private var nowActivityName:String? = null
private var isInBackground = true
fun getNowActivityName(): String? {
return nowActivityName
}
fun getIsInBackground():Boolean{
return isInBackground
}
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
context = applicationContext
registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(this)
}
override fun onActivityCreated(activity: Activity, p1: Bundle?) {
}
override fun onActivityStarted(activity: Activity) {
activityCount++
if (isInBackground){
isInBackground = false
}
nowActivityName = activity.javaClass.name
}
override fun onActivityResumed(activity: Activity) {
}
override fun onActivityPaused(activity: Activity) {
}
override fun onActivityStopped(activity: Activity) {
activityCount--
if (activityCount == 0 && !isInBackground){
isInBackground = true
}
}
override fun onActivitySaveInstanceState(activity: Activity, p1: Bundle) {
}
override fun onActivityDestroyed(activity: Activity) {
}
}
弹框与通知弹出
开发中弹框与通知弹出的触发条件是,监听Websocket若有信息过来,app处于前台弹框,处于后台弹通知。这里使用Handler来模拟,弹框弹出比较简单,若有继承了DialogFragment的AlarmDialogFragment类。代码如下:
val dialog = AlarmDialogFragment()
dialog.show(supportFragmentManager,"tag")
通知弹出也不难,若只是弹出通知示例代码如下:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
val channel =
NotificationChannel("normal", "Normal", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT)
notificationManager?.createNotificationChannel(channel)
}
val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this.applicationContext, "normal")
.setContentTitle("标题")
.setContentText("通知次数:${++alarmCount}")
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background)
.setTimeoutAfter(5000)
.setAutoCancel(true)
.build()
notificationManager?.notify(notificationId,notification)
弹框与通知的特殊要求是,能在界面任意地方弹出且跳转到指定界面。弹框跳转相关代码在上面'弹框'部分,下面来说下通知的跳转,点击通知跳转是通过创建PendingIntent后在设置进NotificationCompat的setContentIntent方法内,不过通知跳转与弹框跳转一样需要分两种情况考虑,第一种同一Activity内Fragment与Fragment跳转,这种情况下PendingIntent如下代码所示:
var pendingIntent:PendingIntent? = null
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("alarmId","1")
pendingIntent = NavDeepLinkBuilder(this)
.setGraph(R.navigation.main_navigation)
.setDestination(R.id.alarmDetailFragment)
.setArguments(bundle)
.createPendingIntent()
上面代码中使用NavDeepLinkBuilder创建了一个PendingIntent,并且使用setGraph()指向使用的导航图,setDestination()则指向目标Fragment。
另一种情况则是ActivityB到另一个ActivityA内的指定FragmentB界面,这种情况下PendingIntent设置代码如下:
val intent = Intent(this@BaseActivity,MainActivity::class.java)
intent.putExtra("task","toAlarmDetail")
intent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK or Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK
pendingIntent = TaskStackBuilder.create(this@BaseActivity)
.addNextIntentWithParentStack(intent)
.getPendingIntent(0,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)
这种是创建一个跳转到MainActivity的Intent,并添加传递的参数task,接着设置Intent的启动方式,其中Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK,表示启动Activity作为新任务启动,Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK,表示清除任务栈中所有现有的Activity。之后调用TaskStackBuilder创建PendingIntent。
上面两种方式创建的PendingIntent可以通过NotificationCompat.setContentIntent(pendingIntent)添加进去,关于通知创建的代码如下:
/** 使用通知 - 通过pendingIntent实现跳转,缺点是任意界面进入报警详情界面,点击返回键只能返回MainFragment */
private fun useNotificationPI() {
var pendingIntent:PendingIntent? = null
if(javaClass.simpleName == "MainActivity"){//主界面
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("alarmId","1")
pendingIntent = NavDeepLinkBuilder(this)
.setGraph(R.navigation.main_navigation)
.setDestination(R.id.alarmDetailFragment)
.setArguments(bundle)
.createPendingIntent()
}else {//其他界面时候切换后台通知
val intent = Intent(this@BaseActivity,MainActivity::class.java)
intent.putExtra("task","toAlarmDetail")
intent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK or Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK
pendingIntent = TaskStackBuilder.create(this@BaseActivity)
.addNextIntentWithParentStack(intent)
.getPendingIntent(0,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
val channel =
NotificationChannel("normal", "Normal", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT)
notificationManager?.createNotificationChannel(channel)
}
val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this.applicationContext, "normal")
.setContentTitle("标题")
.setContentText("通知次数:${++alarmCount}")
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background)
.setTimeoutAfter(5000)
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
.build()
notificationManager?.notify(notificationId,notification)
}
上面代码中if(javaClass.simpleName == "MainActivity"),及第四行代码,该代码用处是当app置于后台时候,pp界面是MainActivity时,pendingIntent使用NavDeepLinkBuilder生成,当是其他Activity时使用TaskStackBuilder生成。之所以这样是因为,在MainActivity的xml,使用了FragmentContainerView用于fragment间跳转,其他的Activity没有FragmentContainerView,因此在生成pendingIntent需要采用不同的方式生成。
这示例代码中,主要涉及到的Avtivity有MainActivity与VideoActivity,MainActivity使用FragmentContainerView,而VideoActivity没有。弹框与通知跳转的界面是AlarmDetailFragment,这个fragment在MainActivity通过Navigation实现导航。
因此在MainActivity界面进入后台时,pendingIntent使用NavDeepLinkBuilder生成,NavDeepLinkBuilder则可以使用导航图中fragment生成深度链接URI,这个URI则可以导航到指定的fragment(关于NavDeepLinkBuilder了解不深入,这里说的可能有错误地方,欢迎大佬指正)。
而VideoActivity界面进入后台时,就需要使用TaskStackBuilder生成一个启动MainActivity的Intent。而在MainActivity的onStart方法内有下面initToAlarmDetail方法,判断跳转时携带参数决定是否跳转到AlarmDetailFragment界面。
/** 跳转报警详情界面 */
private fun initToAlarmDetail() {
val task = intent.getStringExtra("task")
if (task == "toAlarmDetail"){
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("alarmId","1")
findNavController(R.id.fragment_main_table).navigate(R.id.alarmDetailFragment,bundle)
}
}
至此弹框与通知的功能基本实现,完整的BaseActivity代码如下:
open class BaseActivity: AppCompatActivity() {
companion object{
const val TAG = "BaseActivity"
}
private var alarmCount = 0
private val handler = Handler(Looper.myLooper()!!)
//为了关闭通知,manager放在外面
private val notificationId = 1
private var alarmDialogFragment: AlarmDialogFragment? = null
private var notificationManager:NotificationManager? = null
private var bgServiceIntent:Intent? = null//前台服务
private var nowClassName = ""
/** 弹框定时任务 */
private val dialogRunnable = object : Runnable {
override fun run() {
//在定时方法里面 javaClass.simpleName 不能获取当前所处Activity的名称
if (nowClassName == "VideoActivity"){ //视频界面不弹弹框
CustomLog.d(TAG,"不使用弹框 ${nowClassName}")
}else{
CustomLog.d(TAG,"使用弹框 ${nowClassName}")
useDialog()
handler.postDelayed(this, 10000)
}
}
}
/** 通知定时任务 */
private val notificationRunnable = object :Runnable{
override fun run() {
useNotificationPI()
handler.postDelayed(this,10000)
}
}
override fun onCreateView(name: String, context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet): View? {
initWindow()
return super.onCreateView(name, context, attrs)
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?, persistentState: PersistableBundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState, persistentState)
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?, persistentState: PersistableBundle?) 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
initData()
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onStart 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
nowClassName = javaClass.simpleName
handler.postDelayed(dialogRunnable, 3000)
initService()
}
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onResume 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
}
override fun onRestart() {
super.onRestart()
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onRestart 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
}
override fun onPause() {
super.onPause()
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onPause 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
}
override fun onStop() {
super.onStop()
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onStop 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
val customApplication = applicationContext as CustomApplication
val nowActivityName = customApplication.getNowActivityName()
val activitySimpleName = nowActivityName?.substringAfterLast(".")
CustomLog.d(TAG,"activitySimpleName:$activitySimpleName")
val isInBackground = (this@BaseActivity.applicationContext as CustomApplication).getIsInBackground()
if (isInBackground && activitySimpleName.equals(javaClass.simpleName)){// 处于后台 且 切换至后台app的activity页面名称等于当前基类里面获取activity类名
handler.postDelayed(notificationRunnable,3000)
CustomLog.d(TAG,"使用通知 $nowClassName")
}else{
CustomLog.d(TAG,"关闭所有定时任务 $nowClassName")
closeAllTask()
}
}
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
CustomLog.d(TAG,"onDestroy 当前类:${javaClass.simpleName}")
closeAllTask()
this.stopService(bgServiceIntent)
}
/** 关闭所有定时任务 */
private fun closeAllTask() {
handler.removeCallbacks(dialogRunnable)
handler.removeCallbacks(notificationRunnable)
}
/** 初始化数据 - 关于弹框*/
private fun initData() {
notificationManager = notificationManager ?: this.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
alarmDialogFragment = alarmDialogFragment ?: AlarmDialogFragment()
}
/** 使用通知 - 通过pendingIntent实现跳转,缺点是任意界面进入报警详情界面,点击返回键只能返回MainFragment */
private fun useNotificationPI() {
var pendingIntent:PendingIntent? = null
if(javaClass.simpleName == "MainActivity"){//主界面
CustomLog.d(TAG,">>>通知:MainActivity")
val bundle = Bundle()
bundle.putString("alarmId","1")
pendingIntent = NavDeepLinkBuilder(this)
.setGraph(R.navigation.main_navigation)
.setDestination(R.id.alarmDetailFragment)
.setArguments(bundle)
.createPendingIntent()
}else {//其他界面时候切换后台通知
CustomLog.d(TAG,">>>通知:else")
val intent = Intent(this@BaseActivity,MainActivity::class.java)
intent.putExtra("task","toAlarmDetail")
intent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK or Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK
pendingIntent = TaskStackBuilder.create(this@BaseActivity)
.addNextIntentWithParentStack(intent)
.getPendingIntent(0,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
val channel =
NotificationChannel("normal", "Normal", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT)
notificationManager?.createNotificationChannel(channel)
}
val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this.applicationContext, "normal")
.setContentTitle("标题")
.setContentText("通知次数:${++alarmCount}")
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background)
.setTimeoutAfter(5000)
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
.build()
notificationManager?.notify(notificationId,notification)
}
/** 弹框使用 - 因为此处涉及到fragment等生命周期,进入其他activity内时候,在前的activity使用useDialog会因为生命周期问题闪退*/
private fun useDialog() {
//弹出多个同种弹框
// alarmDialogFragment = AlarmDialogFragment()
// alarmDialogFragment?.show(supportFragmentManager,"testDialog")
//不弹出多个同种弹框,一次只弹一个,若弹框存在不弹新框
if (alarmDialogFragment?.isVisible == false){//如果不加这一句,当弹框存在时候在调用alarmDialogFragment.show的时候会报错,因为alarmDialogFragment已经存在
alarmDialogFragment?.show(supportFragmentManager,"testDialog")
}else{
//更新弹框内信息
}
}
/** 关闭报警弹框 */
private fun closeAlarmDialog() {
if (alarmDialogFragment?.isVisible == true) {
alarmDialogFragment?.dismiss()//要关闭的弹框
}
}
//状态栏透明,且组件占据了状态栏
private fun initWindow() {
window.statusBarColor = Color.TRANSPARENT
window.decorView.systemUiVisibility = View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_HIDE_NAVIGATION
}
/** 初始化服务 */
private fun initService() {
CustomLog.d(TAG,"开启前台服务")
bgServiceIntent = bgServiceIntent ?: Intent(this, BackgroundService::class.java)
this.startService(bgServiceIntent)
}
}
总结
只是弹出弹框和通知的话,实现很好实现,中间麻烦地方在于当app使用多个Activity,该怎么实现跳转到指定的界面。当然这里麻烦是,从ActivityB跳转到ActivityA的Fragment,如果是只有一个Activity应该会好办些。个人感觉fragment跳转应该有更好的方式实现希望能和大佬们交流下这种情况下,用什么技术实现。
PS:感觉原生Android在写界面和跳转方面写起来不太方便。不知道大家有便捷的方式吗。
代码地址
GitHub:github.com/SmallCrispy…
来源:juejin.cn/post/7260808821659779129