不到50元如何自制智能开关?
前言
家里床头离开关太远了,每次躺在床上玩手机准备睡觉时候还的下去关灯,着实麻烦,所以用目前仅有的一点单片机知识,做了一个小小小的智能开关,他有三个模块构成,如下:
- 主模块是ESP32(20元)
他是一个低成本、低功耗的微控制器,集成了 Wi-Fi 和蓝牙功能,因为我们需要通过网络去开/关灯,还有一个ESP8266,比这个便宜,大概6 块钱,但是他烧录程序的时候比较慢。
- 光电开关(10元)
这个可有可无,这个是用来当晚上下班回家后,开门自动开灯使用的,如果在他前面有遮挡,他的信号线会输出高/低电压,这个取决于买的是常开还是常闭,我买的是常开,当有物体遮挡时,会输出低电压,所以当开门时,门挡住了它,它输出低电压给ESP32,ESP32读取到电压状态后触发开灯动作。
- 舵机 SG90(5元)
这是用来触发开/关灯动作的设备,需要把它用胶粘在开关上,他可以旋转0-180度,力度也还行,对于开关足够了。还有一个MG90舵机,力度特别大,但是一定要买180度的,360度的舵机只能正转和反转,不能控制角度。
- 杜邦线(3元)
Arduino Ide
Arduino是什么就不说了,要烧录代码到ESP32,需要使用官方乐鑫科技提供的ESP-IDF工具,它是用来开发面向ESP32和ESP32-S系列芯片的开发框架,但是,Arduino Ide提供了一个核心,封装了ESP-IDF一些功能,便于我们更方便的开发,当然Arduino还有适用于其他开发板的库。
Arduino配置ESP32的开发环境比较简单,就是点点点、选选选即可。
接线
下面就是接线环节,先看下ESP32的引脚,他共有30个引脚,有25个GPIO(通用输入输出)引脚,如下图中紫色的引脚,在我们的这个设备里,舵机和光电开关都需要接入正负级到下图中的红色(VCC)和黑色(GND)引脚上,而他们都需要在接入一个信号作为输出/输入点,可以在着25个中选择一个,但还是有几个不能使用的,比如有一些引脚无法配置为输出,只用于作输入,还有RX和TX,我们这里使用26(光电开关)和27(舵机)引脚就可以了。
esp32代码
下面写一点点代码,主要逻辑很简单,创建一个http服务器,用于通过外部去控制舵机的转向,外部通过http请求并附带一个角度参数,在通过ESP32Servo这个库去使舵机角度发生改变。
esp32的wifi有以下几种模式。
- Station Mode(STA模式): 在STA模式下,esp32可以连接到一个wifi,获取一个ip地址,并且可以与网络中的其他设备进行通信。
- Access Point Mode(AP模式): 在AP模式下,它充当wifi热点,其他设备可以连接到esp32,就像连接到普通路由器一样,一般用作配置模式使用,经常买到的智能设备,进入配置模式和后,他会开一个热点,你的手机连接到这个热点后,在通过他们提供的app去配置,就是用这种模式。
- Soft Access Point Mode(SoftAP模式): 同时工作在STA模式和AP模式下。
下一步根据自己的逻辑,比如当光电开关被遮挡时,并且又是xxxx时,就开灯,或者当xxx点后就关灯。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define SERVO_PIN_NUMBER 27
#define STATE_PIN_NUMBER 26
#define CLOSE_VALUE 40
#define OPEN_VALUE 150
const char* ssid = "wifi名称";
const char* password = "wifi密码";
AsyncWebServer server(80);
Servo systemServo;
bool openState = false;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.println("\nConnecting");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");
delay(100);
}
systemServo.attach(SERVO_PIN_NUMBER);
systemServo.write(90);
openState = false;
write_state(CLOSE_VALUE);//启动时候将灯关闭
Serial.print("Local ESP32 IP: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
pinMode(STATE_PIN_NUMBER, INPUT);
int timezone = 8 * 3600;
configTime(timezone, 0, "pool.ntp.org");
server.on("/set_value", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest * request) {
if (request->hasParam("value")) {
String value = request->getParam("value")->value();
int intValue = value.toInt();
write_state(intValue);
request->send(200, "text/plain", "value: " + String(intValue));
} else {
request->send(400, "text/plain", "error");
}
});
server.begin();
}
void write_state(int value) {
openState = value < 90 ? false : true;
systemServo.write(value);
delay(100);
systemServo.write(90);
}
void loop() {
time_t now = time(nullptr);
struct tm *timeinfo;
timeinfo = localtime(&now);
//指定时间关灯
int currentMin = timeinfo->tm_min;
int currentHour = timeinfo->tm_hour;
if (currentHour == 23 && currentMin == 0 && openState ) {
write_state(CLOSE_VALUE);
openState = false;
}
//下班开灯
if (digitalRead(STATE_PIN_NUMBER) == 0 && currentHour > 18 && !openState) {
write_state(OPEN_VALUE);
openState = true;
}
}
Android下控制
当然,还得需要通过外部设备进行手动开关,这里就简单写一个Android程序,上面写了一个http服务,访问esp32的ip地址,发起一个http请求就可以了,所以浏览器也可以,但更方便的是app,效果如下。
package com.example.composedemo
import android.content.Context
import android.content.SharedPreferences
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import android.view.View
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.material.*
import androidx.compose.runtime.*
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview
import com.example.composedemo.ui.theme.ComposeDemoTheme
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import java.net.HttpURLConnection
import java.net.URL
class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
private val state = State()
private lateinit var sharedPreferences: SharedPreferences
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
sharedPreferences = getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
state.ipAddressChange = {
with(sharedPreferences.edit()) {
putString("ipAddress", it)
apply()
}
}
state.slideChange = {setValue(it) }
state.lightChange = {
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: $it")
if (it) openLight()
if (!it) closeLight()
}
state.esp32IpAddress.value = sharedPreferences.getString("ipAddress", "")!!
setContent {
ComposeDemoTheme {
Surface(
modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
color = MaterialTheme.colors.background
) {
SlidingOvalLayout(state)
}
}
}
}
private fun closeLight() =setValue(40)
private fun openLight() = setValue(150)
private fun setValue(value: Int) {
sendHttpRequest("http://${state.esp32IpAddress.value}/set_value/?value=$value:")
}
private fun sendHttpRequest(url: String) {
GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
try {
val connection = URL(url).openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
connection.requestMethod = "GET"
connection.connect()
if (connection.responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
val response = connection.inputStream.bufferedReader().readText()
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
}
} else {
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
}
}
connection.disconnect()
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
}
}
}
}
}
@Preview(showBackground = true)
@Composable
fun DefaultPreview() {
ComposeDemoTheme {
}
}
ui组件
package com.example.composedemo
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.clickable
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.*
import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.RoundedCornerShape
import androidx.compose.material.*
import androidx.compose.runtime.*
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.draw.shadow
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Offset
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.graphicsLayer
import androidx.compose.ui.input.pointer.pointerInput
import androidx.compose.ui.layout.layout
import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.Dp
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.IntOffset
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import com.example.composedemo.ui.theme.ComposeDemoTheme
const val TAG = "TAG"
@Composable
fun SlidingOvalLayout(state: State) {
var offset by remember { mutableStateOf(Offset(0f, 0f)) }
var parentWidth by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }
var sliderValue by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }
var closeStateColor by remember { mutableStateOf(Color(0xFFDF2261)) }
var openStateColor by remember { mutableStateOf(Color(0xFF32A34B)) }
Box(
modifier = Modifier
.fillMaxSize()
.padding(40.dp)
.width(100.dp)
) {
Column(
modifier = Modifier
.fillMaxSize()
.padding(16.dp),
verticalArrangement = Arrangement.SpaceBetween,
horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally
) {
Column {
Box() {
TextField(
value = state.esp32IpAddress.value,
onValueChange = {
state.esp32IpAddress.value = it
state.ipAddressChange(it)
},
colors = TextFieldDefaults.textFieldColors(
disabledTextColor = Color.Transparent,
backgroundColor = Color(0xFFF1EEF1),
focusedIndicatorColor = Color.Transparent,
unfocusedIndicatorColor = Color.Transparent,
disabledIndicatorColor = Color.Transparent
),
modifier = Modifier
.fillMaxWidth()
.background(color = Color(0xFFF1EEF1))
)
}
Box() {
Column() {
Text(text = sliderValue.toString())
Row(
verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically,
horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)
) {
Slider(
value = sliderValue.toFloat(),
onValueChange = {
sliderValue = it.toInt()
state.slideChange(sliderValue)},
valueRange = 0f..180f,
onValueChangeFinished = {
},
colors = SliderDefaults.colors(
thumbColor = Color.Blue,
activeTrackColor = Color.Blue
)
)
}
}
}
}
Box(
modifier = Modifier
.fillMaxWidth()
.height(70.dp)
.shadow(10.dp, shape = RoundedCornerShape(100.dp))
.background(color = Color(0xFFF1EEF1))
.layout { measurable, constraints ->
val placeable = measurable.measure(constraints)
parentWidth = placeable.width
layout(placeable.width, placeable.height) {
placeable.place(0, 0)
}
}
) {
Box(
modifier = Modifier
.offset {
if (state.lightValue.value) {
IntOffset((parentWidth - 100.dp.toPx()).toInt(), 0)
} else {
IntOffset(0, 0)
}
}
.graphicsLayer {
translationX = offset.x
}
.clickable() {
state.lightValue.value = !state.lightValue.value
state.lightChange(state.lightValue.value )
}
.pointerInput(Unit) {
}
.background(
color = if(state.lightValue.value) openStateColor else closeStateColor,
shape = RoundedCornerShape(100.dp)
)
.size(Dp(100f), Dp(80f))
)
}
}
}
}
@Preview
@Composable
fun PreviewSlidingOvalLayout() {
ComposeDemoTheme {
}
}
class State {
var esp32IpAddress: MutableState = mutableStateOf("")
var lightValue :MutableState<Boolean> = mutableStateOf(false)
var ipAddressChange :(String)->Unit={}
var slideChange:(Int)->Unit={}
var lightChange:(Boolean)->Unit={}
}
来源:juejin.cn/post/7292245569482407988